From 268bafc10a8722cd9f526cefb389f9ededeb68ef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: quou <quou@disroot.org>
Date: Mon, 24 Apr 2023 21:53:59 +1000
Subject: Add ECS.

---
 ecs.c | 153 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 153 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 ecs.c

(limited to 'ecs.c')

diff --git a/ecs.c b/ecs.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..494a79f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ecs.c
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+/* Very simple Entity Component System, created to help a
+ * Discord user understand the concept.
+ *
+ * I made it to be very easy to read and understand and
+ * as simple as possible while still having enough features
+ * to be usable for simple games.
+ *
+ * Areas for improvement:
+ * - Using an intermediate array (or "sparse set") instead
+ *   of a bitset to avoid gaps in the component arrays.
+ * - Destroying entities - this can be done by simply
+ *   removing all of the components in the current system,
+ *   but you may want to have a way to re use-entity IDs.
+ *     Hint: This will probably involve sacrificing some
+ *     of the bits in the entity ID to store a "version"
+ *     to check how many times the ID has been recycled.
+ * - Anything else you think you need :)
+ */
+
+#define max_entities 256
+#define max_component_types 8
+
+/* Entities are just IDs. */
+typedef int Entity;
+
+typedef enum {
+  ctype_null      = 1 << 0,
+  ctype_transform = 1 << 1,
+  ctype_enemy     = 1 << 2,
+  ctype_sprite    = 1 << 3
+} CType;
+
+typedef struct {
+	int x, y;
+	int scale_x, scale_y;
+} Transform;
+
+typedef struct {
+	int health;
+	int damage;
+} Enemy;
+
+typedef struct {
+	int id;
+	/* Whatever else a sprite needs, you get the idea. */
+} Sprite;
+
+typedef struct {
+	/* Here are the component pools. */
+	Transform transforms[max_entities];
+	Enemy enemies[max_entities];
+	Sprite sprites[max_entities];
+
+	/* If you have more than 8 different types of component, change this
+	 * to an unsigned short or an int to fit the extra bits in the CType
+	 * enum. */
+	unsigned char bitset[max_entities];
+
+	int entity_count;
+} World;
+
+void enemy_system(World* world) {
+	int i;
+	unsigned char bits;
+	Transform* transform;
+	Enemy* enemy;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < world->entity_count; i++) {
+		bits = world->bitset[i];
+		/* Iterate all entities with both a transform and an enemy component. */
+		if ((bits & ctype_enemy) && (bits & ctype_transform)) {
+			transform = &world->transforms[i];
+			enemy = &world->enemies[i];
+
+			/* Do enemy stuff here, pathfinding, shooting etc. */
+			printf("Updating enemy for %d!\n", i);
+		}
+	}
+};
+
+void transform_system(World* world) {
+	int i;
+	unsigned char bits;
+	Transform* transform;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < world->entity_count; i++) {
+		bits = world->bitset[i];
+		/* Iterate all entities with a transform component */
+		if (bits & ctype_transform) {
+			transform = &world->transforms[i];
+			transform->x += 10;
+
+			/* Do transform stuff here, for example updating matrices */
+			printf("Updating transform for %d!\n", i);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void sprite_system(World* world) {
+	/* etc. */
+}
+
+void init_world(World* world) {
+	world->entity_count = 0;
+}
+
+Entity create_entity(World* world) {
+	/* Might want to verify that we don't overflow max_entities. */
+	Entity e;
+
+	e = world->entity_count++;
+
+	/* Make sure each entity starts with no components. */
+	world->bitset[e] = ctype_null;
+
+	return e;
+}
+
+void entity_add_components(World* world, Entity entity, unsigned int bits) {
+	/* Might want to verify that this entity is valid, etc. */
+	world->bitset[entity] |= bits;
+}
+
+void entity_remove_components(World* world, Entity entity, unsigned int bits) {
+	world->bitset[entity] &= ~bits;
+}
+
+int main() {
+	World* world;
+	Entity a, b;
+
+	world = (World*)malloc(sizeof *world);
+
+	init_world(world);
+
+	a = create_entity(world);
+	entity_add_components(world, a, ctype_transform | ctype_enemy);
+
+	b = create_entity(world);
+	entity_add_components(world, b, ctype_transform);
+
+	while (1) {
+		/* The game loop. */
+		enemy_system(world);
+		transform_system(world);
+		sprite_system(world);
+	}
+
+	free(world);
+}
-- 
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